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Absence of Certain Proteins Causes Diabetes, and Rheumatoid Arthritis

The absence of related protein molecules, Puma and Bin, prompts immune cells to turn against human organs they are meant to protect and cause type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis….
 Daniel Gray and colleagues from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute’s Molecular Genetics of Cancer division and the University of Ballarat, have discovered that this pair of protein molecules work together to kill so-called ‘self-reactive’ immune cells that are programmed to attack the body’s own organs.

Autoimmune diseases, such as type-1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis, develop when immune cells launch an attack on the body’s own cells, destroying important body organs or structures.

Puma and Bim are so-called ‘BH3-only’ proteins that make cells die by a process called apoptosis or self death. Defects in apoptosis proteins have been linked to many human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, according to an Eliza Hall statement.

Gray said one way the body protects itself against autoimmune disease is by forcing most self-reactive immune cells to die during their development. “If any self-reactive cells manage to reach maturity, the body normally has a second safeguard of switching these potentially dangerous cells into an inactive state, preventing them from causing autoimmune disease,” he said.

Gray is now collaborating with researchers who have identified human gene defects linked to the development of autoimmune conditions.

“We now know that self-reactive cell death is an important protection against autoimmunity,” Gray said. “The next stage of our work is to discover whether defects in the cell death process cooperate with other factors to cause human autoimmune disease.”

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Nail Polish Can Trigger Diabetes

 

If you are a woman who likes to paint your nails, you have to be careful as nail polish can cause diabetes or diabetes.

A recent study showed that chemicals called phthalates that are found in skin care products that can increase the risk of diabetes.

The findings, published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives suggests that phthalates may disrupt the metabolism of fatty tissue, thereby causing insulin resistance in healthy women.

After examining the urine samples of 2350 women aged 20-80 years, the researchers found two chemicals at a high level, namely mono-benzyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate. Both of these chemicals increase the risk of diabetes by up to two times.

“This is an important first step in exploring the relationship between phthalates and diabetes. We know that phthalates except in personal care products, also found in some types of medical equipment and medicines used to treat diabetes, “said Tamarra James-Todd of Brigham and Women’s Hospital’s Division of Women’s Health was launched via LiveScience (16/7 ).

 

Besides nail polish, phthalates are also found in many other women care products such as hairspray, soap and even shampoo.

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Can Diabetes Cause Vaginal Dryness?

 

Yes, diabetes can affect libido and sexual response. It does so by interfering with the body’s blood flow, including the blood flow to the sex organs; that can then affect arousal and lead to decreased vaginal lubrication. Additionally, if your blood sugar is not controlled, it can lead to poor nerve function, both in the genitals and elsewhere in the body. The best thing you can do for your sexual function is to keep your diabetes under control by managing your blood glucose levels. To combat vaginal dryness specifically, use water-soluble lubricants and spend plenty of time on foreplay before engaging in intercourse. Finally, be sure to talk to your partner about your concerns and communicate your needs. Although diabetes does create some unique issues in the bedroom, it need not prevent you from having a fulfilling, healthy sex life

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Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Tuberculosis

 

 

People who have type 2 diabetes might be at greater risk for contracting tuberculosis (TB) than people who don’t have diabetes, according to recent research from the University of Texas School of Public Health Brownsville Regional Campus (UTSPH).

A press release from UTSPH outlines results from 3 new studies:

  • Type 2 diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes involving chronic highblood sugar, is associated with altered immune response to TB, and this was particularly marked in patients with chronically high blood sugar.
  • Patients with diabetes and TB take longer to respond to anti-TB treatment.
  • Patients with active tuberculosis and Type 2 diabetes are more likely to have multi-drug resistant TB.

There has been a known link between tuberculosis and diabetes for several years. In 1997, a study from Columbia University appeared in the American Journal of Public Health, which named diabetes as a risk factor for tuberculosis.

With the results of these new studies from UTSPH, Joseph B. McCormick, M.D., regional dean, is quoted as saying, “It opens a door to doing something about it,” said McCormick, the university’s James H. Steele Professor. “We can educate physicians and offer more TB screenings. We have an opportunity to make sure patients are diagnosed correctly and that there is no delay in diagnosis.”

What can you do, as a person with diabetes, to protect yourself from a disease like tuberculosis?

  • Keep good control of your blood sugar levels. The risk of tuberculosis goes up whenhyperglycemiais uncontrolled.
  • Because TB is an airborne disease it is difficult to protect yourself from it. If an infected person coughs, sneezes or otherwise expels respiratory secretions into the air, it places others at risk for inhaling the droplets and contracting the disease. Places that are over-crowded with little ventilation are more likely to contribute to the spread of TB.

There is a vaccine, called the BCG vaccine, that is used for TB prevention in developing countries, but it is usually given at birth. When used in adults, it doesn’t have a good success rate and can even interfere with the results of a TB test.

If you have diabetes and a chronic cough, ask to be tested for tuberculosis, especially if you have recently been to, or live in, an area where the rate of tuberculosis is high.

Symptoms of tuberculosis include:

  • Cough
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood or bloody sputum
  • Nausea
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Stop smoking if diabetic?

 

Diabetes increases a patient’s risk for heart disease, stroke, and circulation problems. Diabetes can also damage the heart if it’s poorly managed over the years, which in turn reduces circulation of blood and oxygen. Smoking adds to the risk of developing all of the health conditions that diabetes predisposes a patient to. In some cases, smoking can double the likelihood of these conditions, as well as double the chances of suffering from kidney problems. It’s no secret that smoking hurts your lungs and your heart. It lowers the amount of oxygen that gets to your organs, raises your bad cholesterol, and raises your blood pressure. All of these can raise your risk of a heart attack or stroke. For type 2 diabetics, the major cause of death is cardiovascular disease, specifically heart attacks and strokes. Stopping smoking is not only important for overall health and wellness but for diabetics it reduces the risk of developing major diabetes-related complications. Many diabetics don’t stop smoking because of concerns over weight gain. Some studies show that the benefits of giving up smoking as a diabetic outweigh any negative effects caused by weight gain.

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Diabetic cystopathy

 

Diabetic cystopathy is a complication of diabetes in which the nerves to the bladder are damaged, leading to problems with bladder control and function. As a result, the bladder can become too full, leak urine, become difficult to empty, and cause urinary tract infections.

This condition is usually treated with medicine. Sometimes it is treated with special urinating (voiding) techniques, surgery, or other methods.

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Type 2 Diabetes and Yeast Infections

Women with type-2 diabetes are at increased risk of yeast infections because they have more sugar in thier body.

Vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is an irritating condition that causes itching and irritation around the vagina, a thick white discharge that looks like cottage cheese, and burning when using the bathroom or having sex. Although many women experience yeast infections, women with type 2 diabetes have them more often.

Type 2 Diabetes: Blood Sugar and Yeast Infections

Most women have yeast organisms as part of their normal flora, the tiny microorganisms that live on and inside our bodies. These microorganisms don’t cause any discomfort or symptoms because they are limited in number. However, when there is overgrowth of these normal organisms, their presence becomes a problem.

“No one knows exactly why yeast infections are more common [in women with type 2 diabetes] but there is a definite association with how well a person’s diabetes is controlled,” says Vincent Woo, MD, chair of the clinical and scientific section of the Canadian Diabetes Association. The increased level of blood sugar in diabetes affects the whole body, not just the blood. “Elevated blood sugars appear in the mucus of the vagina and vulva, so they serve as an excellent culture medium for yeast,” says Daniel Einhorn, MD, vice president of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Yeast gets energy from sugar. So in an environment that is moist with sugar, yeast may overgrow.

Type 2 Diabetes: Diabetes and the Ability to Fight Yeast Infections

The effects of diabetes on the body becomes more obvious as time goes on. People who don’t keep good control of their blood sugar may develop complications related to the constantly high levels. One complication is difficulty in fighting off infections, either bacterial or fungal.

Dr. Einhorn explains, “Some women, especially those with poorly controlled diabetes, have some compromise in their ability to fight off any infection.” This means that once a yeast infection has begun, getting rid of it may not be that easy.

Type 2 Diabetes: Yeast Infection Treatment

Treatment of a yeast infection is the same for people with, or without, diabetes. “These infections are managed the [same] way as any other yeast infection. All the standard agents will work,” says Einhorn.

Over-the-counter treatments consist of antifungal vaginal creams and suppositories, which are used for one to seven days, depending on the product. Your doctor can tell you which product is best for you.

If your yeast infections are very frequent or don’t completely go away, your doctor may treat you for longer periods of time or prescribe a yeast infection medication called fluconazole. This is an effective treatment for yeast infection, but it shouldn’t be used if you’re pregnant.

Although most women believe they can tell if they have a yeast infection, this isn’t always the case. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, many women often misdiagnose themselves and buy over-the-counter yeast infection treatments that are ineffective for their problem. This is dangerous because the real problem is not getting properly treated. If you are uncertain if you have a yeast infection, or if your symptoms don’t go away with over-the-counter treatment, see your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Type 2 Diabetes: Lowering Your Risk of Yeast Infections

While yeast infections can’t always be prevented, you can lower your risk of developing one even if you have type 2 diabetes. Some tips that may help prevent yeast infections include:

  • Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes.
  • Wear cotton underwear.
  • Eat yogurt with live cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus.

However, notes Einhorn, “The most important [way to prevent yeast infections] is to optimize glucose control so that the sugar in the secretions from the vulva and vagina doesn’t promote the buildup of glucose.”

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Non-Diabetic’s Guide to Helping Loved Ones with Diabetes

 

 

Whether you’re a brother, mother, aunt, boyfriend, wife or best friend, knowing how to support the people in your life who live with diabetes isn’t all that easy. In fact, it can be very tricky. Mostly, because:

  • We all have different needs when it comes to the kind of support we want in diabetes.
  • You, as the person who loves us, really want to make sure we’re safe and healthy, and sometimes that might come off as overbearing or controlling or nosey…but really, you just really love us.
  • We don’t always behave the most wonderfully when we’re having a high blood sugar or a low blood sugar. And while we can’t always control that behavior, it does make communication a lot harder for you, the person who loves us.

To help you be the best support system you can possible be for the person in your life with diabetes, here are a few tips:

  • Ask us what we need. Personally, I don’t need someone to remind me to check my blood sugar or help me count my carbohydrates. That would irritate me. On the other hand, it is incredibly helpful when my boyfriend reminds me to take my Lantus before bed, and I sincerely appreciate when he asks me what my blood sugar is after I check. To me, that’s great support. I want him to know what my blood sugar is so he can be aware of how my mental state is. For others, those things might drive them nuts. Giving us support we don’t want isn’t going to help; in fact, it might lead us to blocking you out of our diabetes management altogether. Let us tell you, in our own words, how you can support us.
  • Please don’t lecture us.Telling a person with diabetes what we should or should not be doing is only appropriate when we’ve asked for your insight. Telling us that we shouldn’t be eating that or shouldn’t be drinking this comes from your heart, we know, but 99% of the time, those lecture-like comments from you are going to come off as controlling. To add to it, we are in-charge of what we put in our bodies. If we choose to make less-than-healthy decisions, that is our responsibility. Sometimes you eat unhealthy things, too, right?
  • Be patient when our blood sugars are too low or too high.This one is really hard, because sometimes when we’re having a low blood sugar, we seem more or less fine. We’re making coherent decisions, we’re moving our bodies normally–but inside, our brains are desperately begging for sugar in order to operate correctly. When our blood sugars are low, we literally do not have the fuel we need to think and communicate well, making it almost impossible to handle normal conversation. Instead of trying to talk to us, help us get glucose and don’t expect anything else from us until our number has come back up within the next 15 to 30 minutes.
    When our blood sugars are high, we really want to curl into a ball and close our eyes. It doesn’t feel good. Sometimes, it feels like a really quick bout of the flu (even when there are no ketones, and my blood sugar is barely over 200 mg/dL). To you, we might look fine because we can move and speak clearly, but we just don’t feel right. And we need your compassionate patience. If our blood sugar is high, please think of us as someone who is sick with the flu for a short-period of time, until our number comes back down. Sometimes, a quick walk can help. Other times, lying on the couch and waiting is the best idea. Let us tell you.

In the end, we truly appreciate you. We do. We have no idea what it’s like to live with, love, and watch someone we care about living with diabetes and not being able to truly know what they’re going through. You want to take care of us, keep us safe, and help us live a happy, healthy life. Thank you! Just be sure to remember that what feels like support to you might not be the kind of support we’re looking for. Ask us how you can be the best source of support in our lives with diabetes…but please, just don’t ask when our blood sugars are low.

 
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Unfit young adults may develop diabetes in middle age

 

WASHINGTON – Men and women between 18 and 30 years with low aerobic fitness levels are more likely to develop diabetes in 20 years, a study said.

Study lead author Mercedes Carnethon from Northwestern University said: “These young adults are setting the stage for chronic disease in middle age by not being physically active and fit.”

“People who have low fitness in their late teens and 20’s tend to stay the same later in life or even get worse. Not many climb out of that category,” Carnethon added.

In the study, Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure of the body’s fat content was the most important predictor of who would developdiabetes. Results of the study were measured using a treadmill test.

Carnethon said: “Research shows that combining regular physical activity with a carefully balanced diet can help most people maintain a healthy body weight and lower the likelihood of developing diabetes.”

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How Water Impacts Blood Sugars

Picture a glass of water. Mix in a little sugar and stir until it dissolves. Now place it outside on a hot, sunny day. As the water evaporates, the remaining water gets sweeter and sweeter.

If you have diabetes, this happens to your blood when you’re dehydrated. Because your blood is 83% water, when you lose water, the volume of blood decreases and the sugar remains the same. More concentrated blood sugar means higher blood sugars.

The lesson: stay hydrated to avoid unnecessary high blood sugars.

How Much Water Should I Drink? 
The average person loses about 10 cups of water per day through sweat and urination. At the same time, you gain fluid from drinking liquids and eating food.

So how much you need to drink is a tricky question. You may have heard the “drink 8 glass of water a day” rule. Where did this rule come from? As Barbara Rolls, a nutrition research at Pennsylvania State University says: “I can’t even tell you that, and I’ve writen a book on water!” It turns out that there’s no basis for this in the medical literature.

The easiest way to tell is looking at your urine. If it’s a little yellow, you’re probably hydrated. If it’s darker, then you need to drink more fluids.

You can also go with your own intuition. Are you thirsty? Drink! If you’re busy or stuck at a desk for long periods, make sure you have a water bottle so you can easily answer when your body calls for water.